1. Technology development history

2. Technical characteristics

Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy; FCS) technology can quantitatively detect the concentration, hydrodynamic radius and interaction characteristics of molecules in micro (5 microliters) solution samples or single living cells at single molecule resolution, and can be widely used in research fields such as cell signaling mechanism, biomolecular denaturation focusing, liquid-liquid phase separation of biological macromolecules, antibody screening, pathogen detection, disease marker detection, enzyme activity detection, fluorescent probe characterization, nanoparticle characterization, exosome analysis, polymer analysis, microfluidic technology development and other research fields.

3. Technical application

General Applications:

Single molecule fluorescence analysis in solution samples or cell lysate

Analysis of molecular interactions in solution samples or cell lysate

Particle size (hydrodynamic radius) detection of molecules or nanoparticles

Ultra-sensitive detection of relative and absolute concentrations of molecules or nanoparticles

Dedicated Applications:

Liquid-liquid phase separation of biological macromolecules

Single-molecule study of the dynamic structure-functional mechanism of biological macromolecules

Physical and fluorescence characterization of fluorescent probe molecules or nanoparticles

Molecular interaction studies of cell signaling mechanisms and drug discovery

4. Application fields

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Determination of relative and absolute molar concentrations of biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids; Detection of affinity (KD) and chemical kinetic constants (_KON,_KOFF) of binding reactions such as biological macromolecules, small molecules-biomacromolecules_{, and} biomacromolecules-viruses/nanoparticles; Diffusion coefficient/hydrodynamic radius detection of biological macromolecules; protein molecule denaturing aggregation analysis; Liquid-liquid phase separation of biological macromolecules; Phospholipid bilayer phase transition study, etc.

Cell Biology

The application of solution or cell lysate samples to study the molecular concentration and molecular interaction changes under the regulation of specific cell signaling mechanisms can complement and replace traditional cell biology techniques, such as Co-Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, etc.

Structural Biology

Single-molecule FRET (smFRET) experiments performed in solution samples or cell lysates can resolve the dynamic structure-function mechanism of biological macromolecules, including conformational analysis of biological macromolecules and determination of conformational transition kinetic constants; The dynamic structure-function mechanism of biological macromolecules obtained by smFRET experiments is a key supplement to the static structure-function mechanism obtained by X-ray diffraction, cryo-EM and other techniques.

Drug discovery

Detection of affinity and chemical kinetic constants of small molecule or biological macromolecule drugs binding to targets; Stability and metabolic analysis of nanomedicines or biopharmaceuticals in physiological solutions (plasma, whole blood, etc.); Denature, aggregation and stability analysis of biological drugs, etc.

Photophysics

Detection of optical quantum efficiency, photoquenching efficiency, single-triplet conversion kinetics, fluorescence scintillation (blinking) kinetics, photoconversion mechanism of novel fluorescent probe molecules or nanoparticles. Analysis of particle size-photophysical characteristics of novel nanofluorescent probes (such as quantum dots, carbon nanodots, gold nanodots, aggregated luminescent materials, etc.).

chemistry

Equilibrium constant and kinetic constant detection of chemical reactions; diffusion coefficient/structure analysis of polymers; Analysis of the ionic concentration, viscosity and other characteristics of the buffer; Analysis of molecular/nanoparticle diffusion characteristics in hydrogels and other colloids, etc.